Evaluación de la resistencia a compresión en morteros de cal, sometidos a diferentes condiciones de curado
Palabras clave:
mortero, cal, metacaolín, polvo de ladrillo, carbonatación, resistencia a compresiónResumen
En este artículo se presenta la evaluación de la resistencia a compresión
en morteros de cal, sometidos a diferentes condiciones de curado y
diferentes edades de ensayo. En total, se evaluaron las propiedades
mecánicas sobre tres tipos de morteros: uno con cal, y los restantes
adicionados con puzolanas como metacaolín y polvo de ladrillo. Adicionalmente,
en cada uno de los componentes de los morteros se evaluó
la composición química mediante el ensayo de fluorescencia de rayos
X. La resistencia a compresión se evaluó a cuatro edades, utilizando
tres ambientes de curado: cámara de humedad y temperatura, cámara
de carbonatación acelerada y condiciones atmosféricas. Los resultados
mostraron que las muestras curadas en cámara de carbonatación
presentaron resistencias superiores a las de los especímenes curados
en cámara de humedad, debido a que los morteros de cal aumentan
su resistencia con la carbonatación del Ca(OH)2 de la cal. Así mismo,
se encontró que la resistencia de las probetas expuestas a condiciones
atmosféricas resultó inferior a las curadas con las otras metodologías. A
partir de la investigación, se destaca que el uso de puzolanas en morteros
de cal mejora las propiedades mecánicas, lo cual resulta atractivo para
la rehabilitación de edificaciones patrimoniales y que el tipo de curado
se encuentra ligado al desarrollo de la resistencia.
Citas
Aggelakopoulou, E., Bakolas, A. & Moropoulou, A. (2011).
Properties of lime-metakolin mortars for the restoration of historic
masonries. Applied Clay Science, 53(1), 15-19. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.04.005.
Arandigoyen, M. & Álvarez, J. I. (2006). Carbonation process
in lime pastes with different water/binder ratio. Materiales de
Construcción, 56 (February), 5-18.
Arizzi, A., Martínez Martínez, J., Cultrone, G. & Benavente,
D. (2011). Mechanical Evolution of Lime Mortars during the
Carbonation Process. Key Engineering Materials, 465 (January
2011), 483-486. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/
KEM.465.483.
Ball, R. J., El-Turki, A. & Allen, G. C. (2011). Influence of carbonation
on the load dependent deformation of hydraulic lime
mortars. Materials Science and Engineering A, 528 (7-8), 3193-
3199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.070.
Cazalla, O. (2002). Morteros de cal. Aplicación en el patrimonio
histórico. Universidad de Granada. Recuperado a partir de http://
hdl.handle.net/10481/28626.
El-Turki, A., Ball, R. & Geoffrey, A. (2009). The effect of carbonation
on the mechanical and microstructural properties of
lime and cement mortars. En 11th International Conference on
Non-conventional Materials and Technologies (Nocmat 2009)
(p. 8). Bath: University of Bath. Recuperado a partir de http://
opus.bath.ac.uk/21017/1/2009_NOCMAT_El_Turki_et_al_Paper_
39.pdf
Forster, A. (2012). Masonry Repair Options and Their Philosophical
Ramifications. En J. Weber, K. Bayer & F. Pintér (eds.), Historic
Mortars (vol. 7, pp. 197-206). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-
007-4635-0.
Gleize, P. J. P., Motta, E. V., Silva, D. A. & Roman, H. R. (2009).
Characterization of historical mortars from Santa Catarina (Brazil).
Cement and Concrete Composites, 31(5), 342-346. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.02.013.
Iucolano, F., Liguori, B. & Colella, C. (2013). Fibre-reinforced
lime-based mortars: A possible resource for ancient masonry
restoration. Construction and Building Materials, 38, 785-789.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.050.
Lanas, J. & Álvarez, J. I. (2003). Masonry repair lime-based mortars:
Factors affecting the mechanical behavior. Cement and
Concrete Research, 33(11), 1867-1876. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0008-8846(03)00210-2.
Lanas, J., Pérez Bernal, J. L., Bello, M. A. & Álvarez, J. I. (2006).
Mechanical properties of masonry repair dolomitic lime-based
mortars. Cement and Concrete Research, 36(5), 951-960. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres. 2005.10.004.
Lourenço, P. B., Van Hees, R., Fernandes, F. & Lubelli, B. (2014).
Characterization and Damage of Brick. En A. Costa, J. Miranda,
& H. Varum (eds.), Structural Rehabilitation of Old Buildings (vol.
2, pp. 109-130). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39686-1.
Luque, A., Cultrone, G. & Sebastián, E. (2010). The use of lime
mortars in restoration work on architectural heritage. En M. Bosternaru,
R. Přikryl & Á. Török (eds.), Materials, Technologies and
Practice in Historic Heritage Structures (pp. 197-207). Springer
Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2684-2_11.
Maldonado, N., Martín, P. & Maldonado, I. (2011). Seismic Mitigation
of a Historic Masonry Building. The Open Construction
and Building Technology Journal, 5(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/1
0.2174/1874836801105010061.
Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki, P., Bakolas, A., Karatasios, I. & Kilikoglou,
V. (2005). Hydraulic lime mortars for the restoration of historic
masonry in Crete. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(8), 1577-
1586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.09.001.
Matias, G., Faria, P. & Torres, I. (2008). Lime mortars with brick
dust and grounded particles for ancient masonry: development
and evaluation. En HMC08-Historical Mortars Conference (p.
CD). LNEC.
Matias, G., Faria, P. & Torres, I. (2014). Lime mortars with
heat treated clays and ceramic waste: A review. Construction
& Building Materials, 73, 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
conbuildmat.2014.09.028.
Mercado, E. (2007). Patrimonio edificado de propiedad privada:
relación compleja y contradictoria entre lo público y lo privado
en el Centro Histórico de Morelia. Intervención (México, D.F.), (4),
27-34. Recuperado a partir de http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.
php?pid=S2007-249X2011000200006&script=sci_arttext.
Moropoulou, A., Bakolas, A., Moundoulas, P., Aggelakopoulou, E.
& Anagnostopoulou, S. (2005). Strength development and lime
reaction in mortars for repairing historic masonries. Cement and Concrete Composites, 27(2), 289-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
cemconcomp.2004.02.017.
Navrátilová, E. & Rovnaníková, P. (2016). Pozzolanic properties
of brick powders and their effect on the properties of modified
lime mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 120, 530-539.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.062.
Nežerka, V., Antoš, J., Litoš, J., Tesárek, P. & Zeman, J. (2016). An
integrated experimental-numerical study of the performance of
lime-based mortars in masonry piers under eccentric loading.
Construction and Building Materials, 114, 913-924. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.013.
Pavlík, Z., Benešová, H., Matiašovský, P. & Pavlíková, M. (2012).
Study on Carbonation Process of Several Types of Advanced
Lime-Based Plasters. World Academy of Science, Engineering
and Technology, 70(2), 1005-1009. Recuperado a partir de http://
waset.org/journals/waset/v70/v70-187.pdf.
Peñaranda, L. (2011). Manual para la conservación del patrimonio
arquitectónico habitacional de Sucre. Sucre. Recuperado a
partir de http://www.aecid.es/Centro-Documentacion/Documentos/Publicaciones coeditadas por AECID/Manual_de_Intervencixn_
PRAHS.pdf.
Pozo-Antonio, J. S. (2015). Evolution of mechanical properties
and drying shrinkage in lime-based and lime cement-based
mortars with pure limestone aggregate. Construction and
Building Materials, 77, 472-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
conbuildmat.2014.12.115.
Siddique, R. (2008). Metakaolin. En Waste Materials and By-
Products in Concrete (pp. 41-92). Punjab: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74294-4_2.
Vejmelková, E., Keppert, M., Keršner, Z., Rovnaníková, P. &
Černý, R. (2012). Mechanical, fracture-mechanical, hydric,
thermal, and durability properties of lime-metakaolin plasters
for renovation of historical buildings. Construction and Building
Materials, 31, 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.
2011.12.084.
Velosa, A. L., Rocha, F. & Veiga, R. (2009). Influence of chemical
and mineralogical composition of metakaolin on mortar characteristics.
Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia, 6(1), 121-126.
Properties of lime-metakolin mortars for the restoration of historic
masonries. Applied Clay Science, 53(1), 15-19. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.04.005.
Arandigoyen, M. & Álvarez, J. I. (2006). Carbonation process
in lime pastes with different water/binder ratio. Materiales de
Construcción, 56 (February), 5-18.
Arizzi, A., Martínez Martínez, J., Cultrone, G. & Benavente,
D. (2011). Mechanical Evolution of Lime Mortars during the
Carbonation Process. Key Engineering Materials, 465 (January
2011), 483-486. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/
KEM.465.483.
Ball, R. J., El-Turki, A. & Allen, G. C. (2011). Influence of carbonation
on the load dependent deformation of hydraulic lime
mortars. Materials Science and Engineering A, 528 (7-8), 3193-
3199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.070.
Cazalla, O. (2002). Morteros de cal. Aplicación en el patrimonio
histórico. Universidad de Granada. Recuperado a partir de http://
hdl.handle.net/10481/28626.
El-Turki, A., Ball, R. & Geoffrey, A. (2009). The effect of carbonation
on the mechanical and microstructural properties of
lime and cement mortars. En 11th International Conference on
Non-conventional Materials and Technologies (Nocmat 2009)
(p. 8). Bath: University of Bath. Recuperado a partir de http://
opus.bath.ac.uk/21017/1/2009_NOCMAT_El_Turki_et_al_Paper_
39.pdf
Forster, A. (2012). Masonry Repair Options and Their Philosophical
Ramifications. En J. Weber, K. Bayer & F. Pintér (eds.), Historic
Mortars (vol. 7, pp. 197-206). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-
007-4635-0.
Gleize, P. J. P., Motta, E. V., Silva, D. A. & Roman, H. R. (2009).
Characterization of historical mortars from Santa Catarina (Brazil).
Cement and Concrete Composites, 31(5), 342-346. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.02.013.
Iucolano, F., Liguori, B. & Colella, C. (2013). Fibre-reinforced
lime-based mortars: A possible resource for ancient masonry
restoration. Construction and Building Materials, 38, 785-789.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.050.
Lanas, J. & Álvarez, J. I. (2003). Masonry repair lime-based mortars:
Factors affecting the mechanical behavior. Cement and
Concrete Research, 33(11), 1867-1876. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0008-8846(03)00210-2.
Lanas, J., Pérez Bernal, J. L., Bello, M. A. & Álvarez, J. I. (2006).
Mechanical properties of masonry repair dolomitic lime-based
mortars. Cement and Concrete Research, 36(5), 951-960. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres. 2005.10.004.
Lourenço, P. B., Van Hees, R., Fernandes, F. & Lubelli, B. (2014).
Characterization and Damage of Brick. En A. Costa, J. Miranda,
& H. Varum (eds.), Structural Rehabilitation of Old Buildings (vol.
2, pp. 109-130). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39686-1.
Luque, A., Cultrone, G. & Sebastián, E. (2010). The use of lime
mortars in restoration work on architectural heritage. En M. Bosternaru,
R. Přikryl & Á. Török (eds.), Materials, Technologies and
Practice in Historic Heritage Structures (pp. 197-207). Springer
Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2684-2_11.
Maldonado, N., Martín, P. & Maldonado, I. (2011). Seismic Mitigation
of a Historic Masonry Building. The Open Construction
and Building Technology Journal, 5(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/1
0.2174/1874836801105010061.
Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki, P., Bakolas, A., Karatasios, I. & Kilikoglou,
V. (2005). Hydraulic lime mortars for the restoration of historic
masonry in Crete. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(8), 1577-
1586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.09.001.
Matias, G., Faria, P. & Torres, I. (2008). Lime mortars with brick
dust and grounded particles for ancient masonry: development
and evaluation. En HMC08-Historical Mortars Conference (p.
CD). LNEC.
Matias, G., Faria, P. & Torres, I. (2014). Lime mortars with
heat treated clays and ceramic waste: A review. Construction
& Building Materials, 73, 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
conbuildmat.2014.09.028.
Mercado, E. (2007). Patrimonio edificado de propiedad privada:
relación compleja y contradictoria entre lo público y lo privado
en el Centro Histórico de Morelia. Intervención (México, D.F.), (4),
27-34. Recuperado a partir de http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.
php?pid=S2007-249X2011000200006&script=sci_arttext.
Moropoulou, A., Bakolas, A., Moundoulas, P., Aggelakopoulou, E.
& Anagnostopoulou, S. (2005). Strength development and lime
reaction in mortars for repairing historic masonries. Cement and Concrete Composites, 27(2), 289-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
cemconcomp.2004.02.017.
Navrátilová, E. & Rovnaníková, P. (2016). Pozzolanic properties
of brick powders and their effect on the properties of modified
lime mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 120, 530-539.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.062.
Nežerka, V., Antoš, J., Litoš, J., Tesárek, P. & Zeman, J. (2016). An
integrated experimental-numerical study of the performance of
lime-based mortars in masonry piers under eccentric loading.
Construction and Building Materials, 114, 913-924. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.013.
Pavlík, Z., Benešová, H., Matiašovský, P. & Pavlíková, M. (2012).
Study on Carbonation Process of Several Types of Advanced
Lime-Based Plasters. World Academy of Science, Engineering
and Technology, 70(2), 1005-1009. Recuperado a partir de http://
waset.org/journals/waset/v70/v70-187.pdf.
Peñaranda, L. (2011). Manual para la conservación del patrimonio
arquitectónico habitacional de Sucre. Sucre. Recuperado a
partir de http://www.aecid.es/Centro-Documentacion/Documentos/Publicaciones coeditadas por AECID/Manual_de_Intervencixn_
PRAHS.pdf.
Pozo-Antonio, J. S. (2015). Evolution of mechanical properties
and drying shrinkage in lime-based and lime cement-based
mortars with pure limestone aggregate. Construction and
Building Materials, 77, 472-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
conbuildmat.2014.12.115.
Siddique, R. (2008). Metakaolin. En Waste Materials and By-
Products in Concrete (pp. 41-92). Punjab: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74294-4_2.
Vejmelková, E., Keppert, M., Keršner, Z., Rovnaníková, P. &
Černý, R. (2012). Mechanical, fracture-mechanical, hydric,
thermal, and durability properties of lime-metakaolin plasters
for renovation of historical buildings. Construction and Building
Materials, 31, 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.
2011.12.084.
Velosa, A. L., Rocha, F. & Veiga, R. (2009). Influence of chemical
and mineralogical composition of metakaolin on mortar characteristics.
Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia, 6(1), 121-126.
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2019-10-09
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