Efecto de la fibra de coco en propiedades mecánicas de suelos A-4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.83179/fs27x778Palabras clave:
estabilización de suelos, fibras de coco, fibras naturales, sostenibilidadResumen
La estabilización de suelos con fibras naturales representa una alternativa sostenible a los métodos químicos tradicionales, ofrece beneficios ambientales mientras mantiene efectividad técnica (Medina-Martínez et al., 2022). Entre las fibras disponibles, la fibra de coco tiene propiedades mecánicas favorables y se produce abundantemente en regiones tropicales (Asha’ari et al., 2022), aunque en pocas investigaciones se ha abordado su aplicación en suelos A-4. Se evaluó el efecto de la adición de fibra de coco sin tratar en la resistencia al corte no drenada, así como el módulo de elasticidad de un suelo A-4 mediante ensayos de compresión inconfinada (ASTM D2166). Se prepararon trece configuraciones con contenidos de fibra de 0,5 %, 1,0 %, 1,5 % y 2,0 %, y longitudes de 8 mm, 15 mm y 20 mm, en condiciones controladas de humedad óptima (11,4 %) y densidad seca máxima (1,9 g/cm³). Los resultados muestran incrementos máximos de 300 % en resistencia al corte no drenada (1168 kPa) y 99,6 % en módulo de elasticidad (48,5 MPa) con respecto al suelo natural (292 kPa y 24,3 MPa). Se identificó interacción significativa entre porcentaje y longitud: fibras cortas (8 mm) alcanzan su óptimo al 1,5 %, en tanto que fibras largas (15-20 mm) mantienen mejoras sostenidas hasta 2,0 %. A su vez, la configuración óptima corresponde a 20 mm al 1,5 %. Estos resultados confirman la viabilidad técnica de la fibra de coco como estabilizante sostenible para suelos limosos de baja plasticidad en aplicaciones de infraestructura via.
Descargas
Referencias
- Ahmad, J., Rughan, N. R., Ibrahim, A., Rosli, M. I. F., y Abdul Rahman, A. S. (2023). Laboratory and numerical analysis on the effect of using coconut fibre as additive towards residual shear strength of soil for slope construction. ESTEEM Academic Journal, 19, 1-9. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/76035
- Anggraini, V., Asadi, A., Huat, B. B., y Nahazanan, H. (2015). Effects of coir fibers on tensile and compressive strength of lime treated soft soil. Measurement, 59, 372-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.09.059
- Arathi, K. U., Athulya, K. M., Vinaya, V., Pooja, P. V., y Athira, V. V. (2022). Stabilization of black cotton soil using coconut fiber, 10, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.7770/safer-V10N1-art2547
- Asha'ari, M. A., Rahman, E. K. A., Ratnayake, U., Tan, S. J., y Shams, S. (2021). Field evaluation of using coconut husk and fibre to control slope erosion. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (vol. 646, N.º 1, p. 012044). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/646/1/012044
- Ayininoula, G. M., y Oladotun, P. O. (2016). Geotechnical properties of coconut coir fiber soil mixture. Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 26(4), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.jce.20160604.01
- Bhole, C. R., Sunitha, V., y Mathew, S. (2025). Coir geotextile reinforcement for sustainable pavements: an experimental investigation into structural behavior. Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol., 18, 600-613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-023-00367-y
- Chauhan, M. S., Mittal, S., y Mohanty, B. (2008). Performance evaluation of silty sand subgrade reinforced with fly ash and fibre. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 26(5), 429-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.02.001
- Consoli, N. C., Casagrande, M. D., y Coop, M. R. (2005). Effect of fiber reinforcement on the isotropic compression behavior of a sand. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131(11), 1434-1436. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-02412005)131:111434
- DeepL GmbH (2023). DeepL Translator [software]. https://www.deepl.com/translator
- Gomes, F. S., Motta, M. F. B., Bernades, G. D. P., y Soares, P. V. (2023). Influence of coconut fiber on the microstructural, mechanical and hydraulic behavior of unsaturated compacted soil. Soils and Rocks, 46(2), e2023013322. https://doi.org/10.28927/SR.2023.013322
- Gray, D. H., y Ohashi, H. (1983). Mechanics of fiber reinforcement in sand. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 109(3), 335-353. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1983)109:3(335)
- Hima Bindu, G., y Mallikarjuna, V. (2022). Improving the geotechnical properties of silty sands by using GGBS and coir fibre. En P. G. Kumar, K. V. L. Subramaniam, S. M. Santhakumar, y N. Satyam (eds.), Recent Advances in Civil Engineering. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 233. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0189-8_24
- Jeludin, M., y Suffri, N. (2017, July). The effects of coir fibre on consolidation behaviour of soft clay. En Global Civil Engineering Conference (pp. 1323-1330). Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8016-6_94
- Kaushik, D., y Singh, S. K. (2021). Use of coir fiber and analysis of geotechnical properties of soil. Materials Today: Proceedings, 47, 4418-4422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.255
- Li, H., Yang, J., Yang, D. et al. (2024). Fiber-reinforced polymer waste in the construction industry: a review. Environ Chem Lett, 22, 2777-2844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-024-01769-5
- Lone, I. A., y Bawa, E. A. (2018). Utilization of Fly-Ash and coir fibre in soil reinforcement: a review. International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, 6(1), 488-489. https://rjwave.org/IJEDR/viewpaperforall?paper=IJEDR1801083
- Maher, M. H., y Gray, D. H. (1990). Static response of sands reinforced with randomly distributed fibers. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 116(11), 1661-1677. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1990)116:11(1661)
- Majid, A. E., Baba, K., y Razzouk, Y. (2023). Assessing the impact of plant fibers on swelling parameters of two varieties of expansive soil. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 8, 100408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2023.100408
- Medina-Martínez, C. J., Sandoval-Herazo, L. C., Zamora-Castro, S. A., Vivar-Ocampo, R., y Reyes-González, D. (2022). Natural fibers: an alternative for the reinforcement of expansive soils. Sustainability, 14(15), 9275. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159275
- OpenAI (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/
- Salazar, M. P. S., Martínez, J. D. A., Cardoso, V. R., y Góngora, I. A. M. G. (2023). Evaluación de la resistencia al corte de un suelo con refuerzo de fibra de coco. Revista Contemporânea, 3(10), 19018-19040. https://doi.org/10.56083/RCV3N10-129
- Sen, T., y Reddy, H. J. (2011). Application of sisal, bamboo, coir and jute natural composites in structural upgradation. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 2(3), 186.
- Shukla, S., Mittal, A., y Kumar, S. (2021). Improvement in soil subgrade using natural fibre (kenaf and coir fibre). In Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2019: IGC-2019 (vol. III, pp. 211-218). Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6444-8_18
- Shukla, S., Shukla, S., Mittal, A., y Singh, T. (2022). A review on use of coir fibre in road construction. Materials Today: Proceedings, 65, 1839-1845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.05.017
- Singh, A., y Sharma, R. (2022). A study of black cotton soil by using sisal fibre and coconut fibre. Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol, 10(3), 276-279. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40609
- Sivakumar Babu, G. L., y Vasudevan, A. K. (2008). Strength and stiffness response of coir fiber-reinforced tropical soil. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 20(9), 571-577. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2008)20:9(571)
- Tang, C., Shi, B., Gao, W., Chen, F., y Cai, Y. (2007). Strength and mechanical behavior of short polypropylene fiber reinforced and cement stabilized clayey soil. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 25(3), 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2006.11.002
- Vidal, H. (1969). The principle of reinforced earth. Highway Research Record, 282. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/hrr/1969/282/282-001.pdf
- Widianti, A., Negara, A. A. B., Elmino, T. S., y Ramadhani, L. (2022). Utilization of coir fibers to improve the bearing capacity and tensile strength of expansive clay. Geomate Journal, 23(95), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.21660/2022.95.16
